Summary of Chapter 3

TOPIC 3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY

 3.1       Network Basics

 Definition of Network

-                               

       A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media allowing computers to share resources

          

 Definition of Communications Device

-          Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions and information to and from one or more computer
      Examples : Modem, Router, Switch, Wireless Access Point, Hub, Network Interface Card, Repeater

Definition of Transmission Media

The type of physical system to carry a communication signal from one system to another

Types : Physical transmission media & Wireless transmission media

•         Physical transmission media : Send signals through cable, wire or tangible materials

       Example : Twisted-pair cable, Fiber optic cable, Coaxial cable

•        Wireless transmission media : Send signal through air or space

      Example : Communication satellite, Broadcast radio, Cellular radio,         

      Infrared, Microwaves, Bluetooth

 Advantages of Network

Hardware Sharing
Data sharing
 Connectivity and Communication
Internet Access Sharing

      Disadvantages of Network

            Undesirable Sharing

      Data Security Concerns

      Security Issues

      Illegal or Undesirable Behavior

       Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs

      Expense cost

3.1.2 Network Architecture

3.1.3    Network Topology

 A network topology refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network

 Physical Topology : Refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals

 Logical Topology : Refers how signal travels along the physical path

-          Types of network topology

•              Bus Network Topology : A bus network consist of a single central cable to which all computers and other device connect
•              Ring Network Topology : On a ring network, a cable forms a closed loop with all computers and devices arranged along the ring
•              Star Network Topology : All computers and other devices on the network connect to a central device (hub/switch) thus forming a star

3.1.4 Classification of Network

 Classifies of Network

•  Local Area Network (LAN)

          Definition : Is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area (within the same building) such as a home, school computer lab and office building

         Areas of coverage : LANs located in a limited geographical area (within the same building) such as a home, school computer laboratory, office building

         Ownership : LANs are owned and operated by individual organizations

         Types : Personal Area Network (PAN) & Home Area Network (HAN)

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN

          Definition  : Is a high-speed network that connects local area networks (LANs) in a                

          metropolitan area such as campuses, offices, government, that are frequently used as links between building

         Area of coverage : MANs connects local area networks (LANs) in a metropolitan area such as campuses, offices, and government, that are frequently used as links between buildings.

          Ownership : MANs are owned by a group of users who jointly own and operate the network

• Wide Area Network (WAN)

          Definition : A network that covers a large geographical area located within a countryside and worldwide networks such as a city, country or the world

         Area of coverage : WANs is a large geographical area located within a countryside

         Ownership : WANs have no ownership

3.2 The Internet

3.2.1 Overview of the Internet

3.2.1.1 Introduction to the Internet

Categories	Internet	Intranet	Extranet
Definition	The largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the world	Is a network that belongs to an enterprise and is a accessible only by that enterprise’s employee or authorized user	Is a private network that connects more than one organizations that use internet technologies to allow suppliers, customers and a business partner limited access to their network
Types of user	Accessible to every user all over the world	Accessible only to authorized company employee ONLY	Accessible only to company’s employee and outside authorized partner
Usages	Provide information for public	Provide information for organization employees	Provide information to suppliers, customers and business partner
Security	Loose – Security control is a lower	Higher – Security control are higher	High – Security control are high
Type of access	Unlimited, public; no restrictions	Private and restricted	Private and outside authorized partner
Information	General, public and advertisement	Specific, corporate and proprietary	Shared in authorize collaborating group

3.2.1.2 The Internet Connection

•       Dial-Up Connection : Low speed connection where modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line that transmit data and information using an analog signal
•       High-speed Broadband Internet Connection : High speed Internet connection provide through DSL, FTTP, fixed wireless, Wi-Fi, cellular radio cable internet services and satellite internet service
• 
  

      3.2.1.3 Internet Service Provider

Definition :Is a business that provides individual and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

Responsibilities:

•     Providing and maintaining a connection to the Internet
•     To provide 24-hour customer service and technical support
•        Support the hardware and software needed for the Internet service

Examples : TMNet, TimeNet, Maxis, Celcom

3.2.1.4 The Internet Address

Definition of IP Address : An IP Address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

Purpose of an IP Address :

•   Uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the internet and its allow sending data and information to a computer at a specific destination

	IPv4	IPv6
Format	Consists of 4 parts of decimal number and separated by dotted in range of 0-255	Consists of hexadecimal number, separated by colon (:) in range of 0-FFFF
Address size	32 bits	128 bits

Definition of Domain Name : Is a text version of an IP address

3.2.2 World Wide Web

3.2.2.1 Web Browser

            Definition of WWW : Consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents

            Definition of Web Browser : A web browser is applications software that allow users to access and view web pages and web 2.0 program

Example of Web Browser : Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Google Chrome

3.2.2.2 Web Address

            Definition of Web Address : Is unique address for a Web page, also called a URL

            Web Address consists of :

•      A Protocol
•      Domain Name
•       Path
•       Web page name

3.2.2.3 Web Page Navigation

           

Hypertext	·         Refers to the links in text-based documents
Hypermedia	·         Combines text-based links with graphic, audio, and video links

3.2.2.4 Web Searching

Search Engines	Subject Directory
A search tool that finds information by entering words or phrase called search text	A search tool classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories and subcategories

 3.3 Internet Services

• WWW - Consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents
• E-mail - Is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network
• Instant Messaging - Is a real-time Internet communications services that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages of files or join a private chat room with them
• VoIP - A Internet telephony that enable users to speak to other users over the Internet
• Message Board - A Web-based type of discussion group that allows user to leave messages
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - It is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet

3.4 Types of Web Site

• Portal - Is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location
• Blog - Is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order
• Wiki - A collaborative Web site that allows user to create, add to, modify or delete the Web site content via their Web browser
• Online Social Network - It is a Web site that encourages members in its online community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and video with other registered users.