TOPIC 3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
3.1 Network Basics
Definition of Network
-
A network is a
collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media allowing computers to share resources
Definition of Communications Device
- Hardware component
that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions and information
to and from one or more computer
Examples : Modem,
Router, Switch, Wireless Access Point, Hub, Network Interface Card, Repeater
Definition of Transmission Media
The type of
physical system to carry a communication signal from one system to another
Types : Physical
transmission media & Wireless transmission media
- Physical
transmission media : Send signals through cable, wire or tangible materials
Example : Twisted-pair cable, Fiber optic
cable, Coaxial cable
- Wireless
transmission media : Send signal through air or space
Example : Communication satellite, Broadcast radio,
Cellular radio,
Infrared, Microwaves, Bluetooth
Advantages of Network
Hardware Sharing
Data sharing
Connectivity and
Communication
Internet Access
Sharing
Disadvantages
of Network
Undesirable
Sharing
Data Security
Concerns
Security Issues
Illegal or
Undesirable Behavior
Network Hardware,
Software and Setup Costs
Expense cost
3.1.2 Network Architecture
3.1.3 Network Topology
A network topology
refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network
Physical Topology
: Refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals
Logical Topology :
Refers how signal travels along the physical path
-
Types of network
topology
- Bus Network
Topology : A bus network consist of a single central cable to which all
computers and other device connect
- Ring Network
Topology : On a ring network, a cable forms a closed loop with all computers
and devices arranged along the ring
- Star Network
Topology : All computers and other devices on the network connect to a central
device (hub/switch) thus forming a star
3.1.4 Classification of
Network
Classifies of
Network
Definition : Is a network that connects
computers and devices in a limited geographical area (within the same building)
such as a home, school computer lab and office building
Areas of coverage : LANs located in a
limited geographical area (within the same building) such as a home, school
computer laboratory, office building
Ownership : LANs are owned and operated by
individual organizations
Types : Personal Area Network (PAN) & Home Area
Network (HAN)
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN
Definition
: Is a high-speed network that connects local area networks (LANs) in a
metropolitan area such as campuses, offices, government, that are frequently
used as links between building
Area of coverage : MANs connects local
area networks (LANs) in a metropolitan area such as campuses, offices, and
government, that are frequently used as links between buildings.
Ownership : MANs are owned by a group of
users who jointly own and operate the network
Definition
: A network that covers a large geographical area located within a countryside
and worldwide networks such as a city, country or the world
Area
of coverage : WANs is a large geographical area located within a countryside
Ownership
: WANs have no ownership
3.2 The Internet
3.2.1 Overview of the
Internet
3.2.1.1 Introduction to
the Internet
Categories
|
Internet
|
Intranet
|
Extranet
|
Definition
|
The largest and most well-known computer network,
linking millions of computers all over the world
|
Is a network that belongs to an enterprise and is a
accessible only by that enterprise’s employee or authorized user
|
Is a private network that connects more than one
organizations that use internet technologies to allow suppliers, customers
and a business partner limited access to their network
|
Types of user
|
Accessible to every user all over the world
|
Accessible only to authorized company employee ONLY
|
Accessible only to company’s employee and outside
authorized partner
|
Usages
|
Provide information for public
|
Provide information for organization employees
|
Provide information to suppliers, customers and
business partner
|
Security
|
Loose – Security control is a lower
|
Higher – Security control are higher
|
High – Security control are high
|
Type of access
|
Unlimited, public; no restrictions
|
Private and restricted
|
Private and outside authorized partner
|
Information
|
General, public and advertisement
|
Specific, corporate and proprietary
|
Shared in authorize collaborating group
|
3.2.1.2 The Internet
Connection
- Dial-Up Connection
: Low speed connection where modem in your computer connects to the Internet
via a standard telephone line that transmit data and information using an
analog signal
- High-speed
Broadband Internet Connection : High speed Internet connection provide through
DSL, FTTP, fixed wireless, Wi-Fi, cellular radio cable internet services and
satellite internet service
3.2.1.3 Internet Service
Provider
Definition
:Is a business that provides individual and organizations access to the
Internet free or for a fee
Responsibilities:
- Providing and
maintaining a connection to the Internet
- To provide 24-hour
customer service and technical support
- Support the
hardware and software needed for the Internet service
Examples
: TMNet, TimeNet, Maxis, Celcom
3.2.1.4 The Internet
Address
Definition
of IP Address : An IP Address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
Purpose
of an IP Address :
- Uniquely identifies each computer or device connected
to the internet and its allow sending data and information to a computer at a
specific destination
|
IPv4
|
IPv6
|
Format
|
Consists of 4 parts of decimal number and separated
by dotted in range of 0-255
|
Consists of hexadecimal number, separated by colon
(:) in range of 0-FFFF
|
Address size
|
32 bits
|
128 bits
|
Definition
of Domain Name : Is a text version of an IP address
3.2.2 World Wide Web
3.2.2.1 Web Browser
Definition of WWW : Consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents
Definition of Web Browser : A web browser is applications
software that allow users to access and view web pages and web 2.0 program
Example
of Web Browser : Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Google Chrome
3.2.2.2 Web Address
Definition of Web Address : Is unique address for a Web
page, also called a URL
Web Address consists of :
- A Protocol
- Domain Name
- Path
- Web page name
3.2.2.3 Web Page
Navigation
Hypertext
|
·
Refers to the links in text-based
documents
|
Hypermedia
|
·
Combines text-based links with
graphic, audio, and video links
|
3.2.2.4 Web Searching
Search Engines
|
Subject Directory
|
A search tool that finds information by entering
words or phrase called search text
|
A search tool classifies Web pages in an organized
set of categories and subcategories
|
